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Level I CFA Learning Outcome
Statements (LOS) Decoded

Access clear and thorough explanations of
complicated 2023 CFA Level I concepts.

CFA Pass Assurance

What are Learning
Outcome Statements (LOS)?

LOS show the essential information of each module and show what is expected of you.

Master all crucial LOS with thorough explanations.

Each quicksheet includes precisely selected concepts.

Topic: Quantitative Methods

Bayes Theorem

Download PDF >

Explain and Interpret P-Value

Download PDF >

Topic: Economics

Describe credit cycles

Download PDF >

Topic: Financial Statement Analysis

Unusual items and change in accounting policy

Download PDF >

Operating and nonoperating components

Download PDF >

Common size income statements

Download PDF >

Dupont analysis

Download PDF >

Equity and credit ratios

Download PDF >

Inventories

Download PDF >

Impairment of assets

Download PDF >

Derecognition of assets

Download PDF >

Accounting warning signs

Download PDF >

View More +

Topic: Corporate Issuers

Stakeholder groups

Download PDF >

Define and explain leverage

Download PDF >

Topic: Equity Investments

Market order vs. limit order

Download PDF >

Nondomestic equities

Download PDF >

Strategic analysis of an industry

Download PDF >

Gordon growth model

Download PDF >

View More +

Topic: Fixed Income

Secondary markets for bonds

Download PDF >

Topic: Derivatives

Factors that value an option

Download PDF >

Topic: Alternative Investments

Characteristics of private equity

Download PDF >

Topic: Portfolio Management

CAPM expected return

Download PDF >

Cognitive and emotional biases

Download PDF >

See All Topics

CFA Content Experts

•Certified CFA's
• Combined 50+ years industry experience
• University professors

CFA Level II Instructor CFA Level II Instructor
CFA Level II Instructor CFA Level II Instructor
CFA Level II Instructor CFA Level II Instructor
CFA Level III Instructor CFA Level III Instructor
CFA Level II Instructor CFA Level II Instructor
CFA Level III Instructor CFA Level III Instructor
CFA Level II Instructor CFA Level II Instructor

Nicki DeGroot

CFA

Nicki DeGroot is a consultant working in Corporate Finance. She spent several years working in finance at Optum and Cargill. She also worked in buy-side fixed income research. She has developed a deep understanding of corporate decisions from both inside the firm and the outside investor’s perspective. She has an MBA from the University of Iowa and currently serves as a Finance and Accounting tutor with The Princeton Review’s Tutor.com.

John Mulcahy

CFA, CIPM, FRM, CMA

John Mulcahy is a classroom Instructor and consultant based in San Francisco. He has worked in a financial capacity with private sector firms including Levi Strauss & Co and Wells Fargo Bank. He has also taught finance and accounting courses at Hult International Business School. John has also been a volunteer, in various capacities, at the Chartered Financial Analysts Institute, and at the Global Association of Risk Professionals.

Cheryl Wu

CFA, CPA

Cheryl started her career at one of the big four accounting firms. After spending three years in the audit practice, she transitioned to strategy advisory, where she worked directly in supporting strategic decision making. Cheryl passed all 3 levels of CFA exams consecutively over a year and half and was awarded charter in 2018. Her focus is on delivering test taking strategies and is excited to support students in their CFA journey.

Dr. Emrul Hasan

CFA, FRM

Our Economics expert, Dr. Emrul Hasan, currently lectures at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Dr. Hasan has been training CFA candidates for over 7 years. He earned his PhD in Finance at the Beedie School of Business of Simon Fraser University, Canada, and an MA in Financial Economics from York University, Canada. He spent several years as an Investment Analyst and Consultant at different investment banks and think-tanks such as Fraser Institute and Asian Tiger Capital Partners Ltd.

David Kaczorowski

CFA

Mr. Kaczorowski is an adjunct Professor of Finance at The University of San Francisco and St. Mary’s College of California. He is also the former director of the CFA Society San Francisco’s live CFA exam prep program. Mr. Kaczorowski holds a BS in Finance from the Boston College Carroll School of Management, and an MBA in Investment Management from the Yale University School of Management. He is a chartered financial analyst (CFA).

Mark St. Marie

CFA

Mark graduated from Cornell University with a degree in chemical engineering and worked for 15 years as process engineer/manager at Exxon, Mobil and Clean Harbors Environmental. He worked for Diamondback Capital Management, Vermillion Asset Management as a senior equity analyst, portfolio manager and equities and derivatives trader. For the past 7 years Mark has engaged in several entrepreneurial ventures. Mark is a CFA charter holder.

Andrew White

CFA

Our Behavioral Finance and Equity Portfolio Management expert, Andrew White currently operates a multi-strategy hedge fund startup, Awaken Capital LLC. He has trained CFA candidates in London and America during the last 20 years. He worked as a global equity analyst with UBS and Citigroup in institutional money management and as a US fund manager at Timeous LLC and Southridge LLC in entrepreneurial hedge fund management.

CFA Level II Instructor

Nicki DeGroot

CFA

Nicki DeGroot is a consultant working in Corporate Finance. She spent several years working in finance at Optum and Cargill. She also worked in buy-side fixed income research. She has developed a deep understanding of corporate decisions from both inside the firm and the outside investor’s perspective. She has an MBA from the University of Iowa and currently serves as a Finance and Accounting tutor with The Princeton Review’s Tutor.com.

Read more

CFA Level II instructor

Cheryl Wu

CFA, CPA

Cheryl started her career at one of the big four accounting firms. After spending three years in the audit practice, she transitioned to strategy advisory, where she worked directly in supporting strategic decision making. Cheryl passed all 3 levels of CFA exams consecutively over a year and half and was awarded charter in 2018. Her focus is on delivering test taking strategies and is excited to support students in their CFA journey.

Read more

CFA Level II instructor

John Mulcahy

CFA, CIPM, FRM, CMA

John Mulcahy is a classroom Instructor and consultant based in San Francisco. He has worked in a financial capacity with private sector firms including Levi Strauss & Co and Wells Fargo Bank. He has also taught finance and accounting courses at Hult International Business School. John has also been a volunteer, in various capacities, at the Chartered Financial Analysts Institute, and at the Global Association of Risk Professionals.

Read more

CFA Level II instructor

Andrew White

CFA

Our Behavioral Finance and Equity Portfolio Management expert, Andrew White currently operates a multi-strategy hedge fund startup, Awaken Capital LLC. He has trained CFA candidates in London and America during the last 20 years. He worked as a global equity analyst with UBS and Citigroup in institutional money management and as a US fund manager at Timeous LLC and Southridge LLC in entrepreneurial hedge fund management.

Read more

CFA Level II Instructor

Dr. Emrul Hasan

CFA, FRM

Our Economics expert, Dr. Emrul Hasan, currently lectures at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Dr. Hasan has been training CFA candidates for over 7 years. He earned his PhD in Finance at the Beedie School of Business of Simon Fraser University, Canada, and an MA in Financial Economics from York University, Canada. He spent several years as an Investment Analyst and Consultant at different investment banks and think-tanks such as Fraser Institute and Asian Tiger Capital Partners Ltd.

Read more

CFA Level II Instructor

David Kaczorowski

CFA

Mr. Kaczorowski is an adjunct Professor of Finance at The University of San Francisco and St. Mary’s College of California. He is also the former director of the CFA Society San Francisco’s live CFA exam prep program. Mr. Kaczorowski holds a BS in Finance from the Boston College Carroll School of Management, and an MBA in Investment Management from the Yale University School of Management. He is a chartered financial analyst (CFA).

Read more

CFA Level II Instructor

Mark St. Marie

CFA

Mark graduated from Cornell University with a degree in chemical engineering and worked for 15 years as process engineer/manager at Exxon, Mobil and Clean Harbors Environmental. He worked for Diamondback Capital Management, Vermillion Asset Management as a senior equity analyst, portfolio manager and equities and derivatives trader. For the past 7 years Mark has engaged in several entrepreneurial ventures. Mark is a CFA charter holder.

Read more

Level I CFA Exam Pass Assurance*

7-Day Free Trial

Your guide to passing the Level I CFA exam.

Learn More

*Restrictions apply. Visit https://www.princetonreview.com/legal/cfa-pass-assurance for details. The Princeton Review is a CFA Institute Prep Provider. Only CFA Institute Prep Providers are permitted to make use of CFA Institute copyrighted materials which are the building blocks of the exam. We are also required to update our materials every year and this is validated by CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse, promote, review or warrant the accuracy or quality of the product and services offered by The Princeton Review. CFA Institute®, CFA® and “Chartered Financial Analyst®” are trademarks owned by CFA Institute. †CFA® Exam Results and Pass Rates © Copyright CFA Institute

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